Ed,
I don't think this is possible. I know that you can access the Parent Task in a validation rule, but I'm not aware of any way of validating against other child tasks.
I would suggest getting in touch with your account contact to see if this is something that a PS consultant might be able to do (But I don't think it could be done at all). Equally have you asked the question during one of the weekly Q&A webinars?